Cov ntaub ntawv refractory, cov pob txha tsis zoo ntawm siab -kub kev lag luam kev lag luam, vam khom rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo heev uas pib nrog kev xaiv zoo thiab cov tswv yim sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv raw kom xa cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub cev muaj zog raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Tsis zoo li cov qauv siv los yog cov khoom siv ua lag luam,refractoriesyuav tsum tiv taus huab cua kub, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev ntxhov siab, yog li thawj theem ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog nyob deb ntawm arbitrary. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos muaj xws li siab-purity bauxite rau alumina- nplua nuj refractories, magnesite rau magnesia-raws li hauv ob sab phlu, silica xuab zeb rau acidic refractories, thiab graphite rau carbon-bonded variants, txhua tus xaiv rau nws tus kheej inherent zoo xws li cov ntsiab lus siab melting- chemical inertness, los yog structural rigidity. Cov kws tsim khoom thiab cov kws tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv nrog cov purity zoo ib yam (dawb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj xws li hlau oxide uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov cua sov tsis muaj zog) tab sis kuj ua kom zoo dua lawv cov khoom me me thiab cov ntxhia hauv cov ntxhia, vim tias qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov khoom siv raw zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom kawg kev ua tau zoo.
Thaum cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tau txais, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nthuav tawm hauv cov txheej txheem nruj tswj hwm uas xav tau qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab cov khoom siv sib sib zog nqus. Ua ntej, cov khoom siv raw tau raug crushing thiab sib tsoo kom ua tiav qhov loj me me, ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov khoom tiav. Tom ntej no, cov ntaub ntawv hauv av tau muab sib xyaw ua ke: piv txwv li, lub refractory tsim rau steelmaking converters yuav ua ke bauxite nrog calcium aluminate cement los txhawb slag kuj, thaum lub cement kiln refractory tuaj yeem suav nrog zirconia los txhim kho thermal stability. Cov sib tov yog ces zoo li tus ntawm nias, casting, los yog extrusion, nyob ntawm seb qhov xav tau daim ntawv (cib, castables, los yog monolithic linings), ua ntej mus rau ib tug qis - kub kom qhuav theem kom tshem tawm noo noo uas yuav ua rau tawg thaum lub sij hawm firing. Qhov kawg thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws theem yog siab -kub sintering nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kilns, qhov twg cov khoom yog rhuab mus rau 1,500-2,000℃los ua rau cov ceramic bonding, densify tus qauv, thiab xauv rau hauv lub hom phiaj lub cev khoom- los ntawm porosity mus rau compressive zog. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tag nrho no cuam tshuam rau ob lub xeev- ntawm-- cov khoom siv kos duab thiab cov kev paub zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas nkag siab tias txhua yam khoom cuam tshuam li cas hauv kev ua haujlwm hnyav.
Tshaj li lawv cov kev tsim khoom nruj me ntsis, cov khoom lag luam refractory ua lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv thoob plaws ib puag ncig ntawm kev lag luam kub - kub, nrog ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb sawv tawm ntawm lub hom phiaj- tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, lawv qhov tshwj xeeb thermal rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm tsim muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm searing sab hauv ntawm kilns,rauv, thiab reactors thiab sab nraud steel los yog pob zeb plhaub. Hauv cov cement rotary kiln, piv txwv li, refractory linings tuaj yeem txo lub plhaub ntawm qhov kub ntawm ntau tshaj 1,000℃mus rau qis dua 200 degree, tiv thaiv cov qauv deformation ntawm lub kiln, ncua lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, thiab txiav cov hluav taws xob pov tseg los ntawm tshav kub to. Thib ob, lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau thermal shock shields tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv sai heev -ib qho kev phom sij hauv kev lag luam xws li iav tsim, qhov chaw uas cov cub tawg tau rov ua kom sov txog 1,600℃thiab txias thaum lub sij hawm txij nkawm. Yog tsis muaj cov cuab yeej no, cov ntaub ntawv refractory yuav tawg los yog tawg nyob rau hauv thermal kev nyuaj siab, ua rau raug nqi tsis npaj kaw, muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus ntshai los ntawm cov khoom molten, thiab cuam tshuam cov sij hawm tsim khoom. Rau siab -stakes muaj ib puag ncig, ob lub luag haujlwm no tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm xwb tab sis kuj tseem txhawb nqa tag nrho kev ua tau zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim khoom, ua kom cov refractories tsis yog{11}}kev sib tham ntawm cov niaj hnub siab{12}} kub ntau lawm.
